A few years ago I got interested in soldering, later in electronics, later in arduinos, then 3D printing, and now a new hobby that is made possible thanks to all this.

It took a while to learn the basics, and now I finally reached a level where I can at least compose my own drones and build them from scratch.

TinyTina 90mm 3D printed drone

This whole mess started with ordering parts for: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3249126 I pretty much stuck with all the recommended parts, see https://blog.prusaprinters.org/how-to-build-a-3d-printed-micro-drone/

Flight controller + ESC board	HGLRC XJB F413 Omnibus F4 Flight Controller & 13A Blheli_S 2-3S...	url	52.71 EUR
Motors	Racerstar Racing Edition 1103 BR1103B 8000KV 10000KV 1-3S...	url	7.43 EUR
Propellers	5 Pairs Eachine 2035 50mm 4 Blade Propellers ABS For Eachine...	url	3.21 EUR
Battery	Giant Power 7.4V 300mAh 2S 35C Battery For HCP100s T-REX 150 F3P	url	5.33 EUR
Battery charger	Charsoon Lipo Charger	url	12.50 EUR
Radio Transmitter	FlySky FS-i6 2.4G 6CH AFHDS RC Radion Transmitter With FS-iA6B...	url	38.42 EUR
Flysky Receiver	FS-RX2A Pro V1 2.4G Compatible Receiver for FS-I6 FS-I6X FS-I6S...	url	7.35 EUR
Connector for battery	5 Pairs 100mm 10cm JST Male And Female Plug Connector Cable ESC...	url	1.49 EUR
Connect receiver with flight controller	Foxeer XAT600M 4Pin Servo Cable	url	1.02 EUR
Frame	3D printed		-
FPV goggles	Eachine VR D2 Pro 5 Inches 800*480 40CH 5.8G Diversity FPV...	url	66.13 EUR
FPV camera + built in transmitter	Eachine TX05 0.01/5/25/50/100/250mW Switchable w/ OSD AIO 5.8G...	url	23.22 EUR

Eachine Wizard x220 (M.I.A.)

Almost ready to fly wizard x220	Eachine Wizard X220 FPV Racing RC Drone Blheli_S F3 6DOF 2205...	url	117.06
Receiver (already had it, came with transmitter)	Flysky 2.4G 6CH FS-iA6B Receiver PPM Output With iBus Port	url	13.55 EUR
3S batteries used most	ZOP Power 3S 11.1V 1500MAH 25C Battery XT60 Plug	url	11.54 EUR
FPV Camera (upgrade)	caddx turtle v2 (special lens)	url	63.95 EUR
VTX (upgrade)	Eachine TS5828L Micro 5.8G 600mW 40CH Mini FPV Transmitter VTX...	url	8.79 EUR
Antenna (upgrade)	AOMWAY 5.8G 3dBi RP-SMA Male Four Lobe RHCP VTx/VRx FPV Antenna	url	10.75 EUR
Custom camera mount	3D designed + printed		-

Propeller upgrades

Stock propellers broke too easily, you could see the plastic get "tired" quickly. The DAL props really where indestructable compared to the stocks.

Tri blades	DAL Cyclone T5045C Propellers (4 stuks) - BLAUW	url	2.49 EUR
Bi blades	DAL 5045 Indestructible Bullnose Propellers - Groen (4 stuks)	url	1.95 EUR

Other batteries

3S	WLtoys V950 RC Helicopter Part 1500mAh 11.1V 20C 3S T Plug Lipo...	url	16.42 EUR
4S	Tattu LiPo accupack 14.8 V 1300 mAh Aantal cellen: 4 45 C Softcase XT60	url	20.49

Only flew the 4S battery once, which was when I lost the drone

Replacements

Replacement ESC (one burned probably shorted with the frame)

Aikon SEFM 20A 2-4S ESC

url

12.95 EUR

This ESC after configuring the same settings as the three remaining stock ESC's worked perfectly together, even though it's a different one. The quad flew perfectly fine.

Awesome E90 build

Frustrated with failures trying to build the TinyTina, trying different motors, different flight controller, it just didn't work well with the 3D printed frame anymore. It flew, but then it would bend and the props would hit something. So I looked for a more sturdy frame.

Frame	Awesome E90 90mm Micro Brushless Frame Kit Carbon Fiber 12g RC Drone FPV Racing Frame Multi Rotor	url	10.32 EUR
Motors	Racerstar Racing Edition 1103 BR1103B 8000KV 10000KV 1-3S Brushless Motor Black For 50-100 RC Drone FPV Racing - 8000KV	url	7.34 EUR
Flight controller	Aikon F42020 Flight Controller	url	32.95 EUR
4-in-1 ESC	AIKON AK32PIN 25A 2-6S 4-IN-1 ESC	url	53.95 EUR

The following parts are identical to the TinyTina build.

Flysky Receiver	FS-RX2A Pro V1 2.4G Compatible Receiver for FS-I6 FS-I6X FS-I6S...	url	7.35 EUR
Connector for battery	5 Pairs 100mm 10cm JST Male And Female Plug Connector Cable ESC...	url	1.49 EUR
Propellers	5 Pairs Eachine 2035 50mm 4 Blade Propellers ABS For Eachine...	url	3.21 EUR
FPV camera + built in transmitter	Eachine TX05 0.01/5/25/50/100/250mW Switchable w/ OSD AIO 5.8G...	url	23.22 EUR

Different batteries though, the battery wasn't powerful enough. Bought a few 450mAh with 20C, 45C. Turns out the 45C was the only one that was able to lift it off the ground. Now I did some redesigns and it became heavier, and now it won't come off the ground again with 45C, also not with an 80C 450mAh 2S battery. I have to troubleshoot the bottleneck now, either the props should be bigger (plenty of space, since I moved the entire stack below the frame), or the battery needs to be 3S, OR the capacitor has to go (I think it's recommended for 6S usually anyway, and maybe the soldering joints for the battery are not perfect).

Batteries tried

Conrad energy LiPo accupack 7.4 V 450 mAh Aantal cellen: 2 40 C Softcase BEC-bus	url	9.55 EUR
Gens ace LiPo accupack 7.4 V 450 mAh Aantal cellen: 2 25 C Softcase BEC	url	7.39 EUR
Conrad energy LiPo accupack 7.4 V 350 mAh Aantal cellen: 2 25 C Softcase BEC-bus	url	4.77 EUR
5Pcs Gaoneng GNB 7.4V 450mAh 2S 80/160C Lipo Battery JST Plug For Eachine Aurora 90 100 FPV Racer	url	27.88 EUR

Notes

Remapping motors

https://github.com/betaflight/betaflight/wiki/Remapping-Motors-with-Resource-Command-(3.1)

Long m2 screws

https://www.amazon.co.uk/sourcingmap-M2x30mm-Socket-Knurled-Screws/dp/B015A31EVK/ref=sr_1_7?keywords=m2+30mm&qid=1563786654&s=gateway&sr=8-7

General information

In cli

resource list

resource motor 1 a7 resource motor 2 a12 resource motor 3 a6 resource motor 4 a11 save

https://github.com/betaflight/betaflight/wiki/Remapping-Motors-with-Resource-Command-(3.1)

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December 18 2018

GoLang Cheatsheet

Testing and coverage

Source: https://blog.alexellis.io/golang-writing-unit-tests/

go test
go test -cover

go test -cover -coverprofile=c.out go tool cover -html=c.out -o coverage.html

If you have main.go, add main_test.go:

package main

import "testing"

func TestSum(t *testing.T) {
    total := Sum(5, 5)
    if total != 10 {
       t.Errorf("Sum was incorrect, got: %d, want: %d.", total, 10)
    }
}

More info here: https://golang.org/pkg/testing/

Profiling

Source: https://blog.golang.org/profiling-go-programs (by Ross Cox)

var cpuprofile = flag.String("cpuprofile", "", "write cpu profile to file")
func main() {
    flag.Parse()
    if *cpuprofile != "" {
        f, err := os.Create(*cpuprofile)
        if err != nil {
            log.Fatal(err)
        }
        pprof.StartCPUProfile(f)
        defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()
    }

Build an capture profiling data

go build && ./myprogram -cpuprofile=my.prof
go tool pprof myprogram my.prof

Commands available are:

top5
top10
top10 -cum
list main
list myfoobar.function.func1

There are also very similar flags for memory profiling. I didn't try this myself yet, check the blog I got this from in the first place.

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June 12 2018

Kubernetes

list GPU allocatable resources

kubectl get node -o go-template='{{printf "%-40s %20s %20s\n" "NODE" "CAPACITY" "ALLOCATABLE"}}{{range $index,$pod := .items}}{{$capacity := index .status.capacity "nvidia.com/gpu"}}{{$alloc := index .status.allocatable "nvidia.com/gpu"}}{{printf "%-40s %20s %20s\n" .metadata.name $capacity $alloc}}{{end}}'

list all api resources

kubectl api-resources --verbs=list --namespaced -o name 

# useful for debugging
kubectl api-resources --verbs=list --namespaced -o name | xargs -n 1 -I{} /bin/sh -c "kubectl get {} -o yaml || true; kubectl get {} --all-namespaces -o yaml || true"| tee out.log

ping all pod ips at once

kubectl get po -o json | jq .items[].status.podIP -r | fping

Force delete stuck namespace

kubectl get namespace "foo-restricted" -o json \
        | tr -d "\n" | sed "s/\"finalizers\": \[[^]]\+\]/\"finalizers\": []/" \
        | kubectl replace --raw /api/v1/namespaces/foo-restricted/finalize -f -

Run pod in namespace

kubectl run -i --tty busybox --image=busybox:latest --restart Never --rm -n $NAMESPACE -- sh

Selecting pods

kubectl get pod -A
kubectl get pod --show-labels
kubectl get pod -l foo=bar,baz=ban

Deleting pods

No time to waste?

kubectl delete pod --grace-period=0 --force

Clean up

Cleanup all terminating pods

kubectl get pod|grep Terminating|awk '{print $1}'|xargs -n 1 echo kubectl delete pod --grace-period=0 --force

Cleanup all non-running pods

kubectl get pods --field-selector=status.phase!=Running -o jsonpath="{range .items[?(@.status.phase != 'Running')]}kubectl delete pod -n {.metadata.namespace}{' '}{.metadata.name}{'\n'}{end}" | sh -

kubectl get pod -A --no-headers |grep -v Running | awk '{print "kubectl delete pod -n "$1" "$2}'|sh -

Tail all logs

This script has helped me so many times quickly finding issues somewhere in k8s containers.

#!/bin/bash

function cleanup
{
    kill -9 $(jobs -p)
}
trap "cleanup" 2

function prefix
{
    while read line; do
        echo "$1$line";
    done < /dev/stdin
}

function kubectl_log
{
    typeset namespace="$1"
    typeset pod="$2"
    shift 2
    for i in $(seq 1 $#); do
        typeset container="$1"
        shift
        kubectl logs -n $namespace $pod -f $container | prefix "[ $namespace - $pod - $container ] - " &
    done
}

while read line; do
    kubectl_log $line
done < <(kubectl get pods -A -o jsonpath="{range .items[*]}{.metadata.namespace} {.metadata.name} {..containerStatuses..name}{'\n'}{end}")
wait

List all mounted host paths

#!/bin/bash

function prefix
{
    while read line; do
        echo "$1$line";
    done < /dev/stdin
}

echo "----------------------------"
echo checking direct mounts 
echo "----------------------------"
while read ns; do
    if [[ "$ns" == "kube-system" ]]; then
        continue
    fi

    kubectl get pod -n $ns -o jsonpath="{range ..volumes[?(@.hostPath.path != '')]}{.hostPath.path}{'\n'}{end}" | sort | uniq | prefix "$ns - "

done < <(kubectl get ns -o jsonpath="{range .items[*]}{.metadata.name}{'\n'}{end}")

echo "----------------------------"
echo checking persistent volumes $ns
echo "----------------------------"
kubectl get pv -o yaml -o jsonpath="{range .items[*]}{..hostPath.path}{'\n'}{end}" | sort | uniq

kubeadm

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

security

kubectl auth can-i --list --namespace=test-restricted

#

[root@nas kube]# kubectl get no Unable to connect to the server: x509: certificate is valid for 10.96.0.1, 192.168.2.2, not 10.75.99.139

[root@nas kube]# kubectl --insecure-skip-tls-verify get no ...

Leader election

root@node001:~> kubectl describe ep -n kube-system kube-controller-manager
Name:         kube-controller-manager
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader:
                {"holderIdentity":"rb-haha-b_35d43390-6650-4907-99c5-57d1e6455496","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2021-01-26T13:46:55Z","renewTi...
Subsets:
Events:
  Type    Reason          Age   From                     Message
  ----    ------          ----  ----                     -------
  Normal  LeaderElection  17m   kube-controller-manager  rb-haha-b_35d43390-6650-4907-99c5-57d1e6455496 became leader

List containers inside docker registry

curl -k https://<IP>:5000/v2/_catalog | jq .

Save and Load containers

docker save myimage:latest | gzip > myimage_latest.tar.gz

docker load < myimage_latest.tar.gz

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May 5 2018

Untitled

Some random snippets

Potentiometer example / Analog reading/writing / mapping

const int analogInPin = A0; // Analog input pin that the potentiometer is attached to const int analogOutPin = 9; // Analog output pin that the LED is attached to int sensorValue = 0; // value read from the pot int outputValue = 0; // value output to the PWM (analog out) sensorValue = analogRead(analogInPin); outputValue = map(sensorValue, 0, 1023, 0, 255); analogWrite(analogOutPin, outputValue);

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December 28 2017

electro

Some electronics notes

Parts

L7805CV - 5V - Voltage regulator

Pins from left to right: {input, ground, output}
The top part is also ground.
Can attach heat sink if needed
Quiescent current is not so nice: 6 mA
"Not really suitable for usage in batteries, consider instead: Low drop out regulator"
Info on the part: https://electronics.stackexchange.com/a/218265

Ultra-Low Quiescent Current LDO Regulator

IRFZ44N Mosfet

Not a "logic-level" mosfet, so I bought the wrong thing,

Source: http://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=74718.0

"If you want to drive this from an Arduino, which only outputs 5V, you will need a "logic-level" MOSFET. For this type of MOSFET, Vgs=5V is enough to turn it on. For example, the ST STP55NF06L would be appropriate and is comparable to the IRFZ44N, except the STP55NF06L is logic-level.

You should also have a resistor in series with the Arduino output to limit the current, since the MOSFET gate is highly capacitive and can draw a big instantaneous current when you try to turn it on (or off). 220 ohms or so is appropriate."

Logic-level alternatives: * FQP30N06L * STP55NF06

Pins from left to right: {gate, drain, source}
Enabling "gate" will enable electricity to flow from source to drain.

Difference between N or P-channel mosfet:

MOSFETs come in two polarities, P channel and N channel, where "P" stands for positive and "N" stands for negative.

P Channel To turn a P channel MOSFET on, you apply a negative voltage to the gate. This voltage is negative relative to ground. In a circuit, you connect the P channel MOSFET's source terminal to a positive voltage supply and the drain to a resistor connected to ground; the resistor limits the current flowing through the transistor. The circuit diagram symbol for a P channel MOSFET has an arrow pointing away from the gate.

N Channel An N channel MOSFET turns on when you apply a positive voltage at its gate terminal. The voltage is greater than the positive voltage supply at the drain terminal. A resistor between the positive supply and the drain limits current; for an N channel MOSFET, the source terminal connects to ground. The circuit symbol for an N channel MOSFET has an arrow pointing toward the device's gate.

DHT22 - Temperature and Humidity sensor.

Pins from left to right: { VCC DATA NC GND } (NC = No connection )
Info on the part: https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/attari/temperature-monitoring-with-dht22-arduino-15b013
ESP8266, wemos d1 arduino studio + DHT22: https://www.losant.com/blog/getting-started-with-the-esp8266-and-dht22-sensor
NOTE!!!! However, be careful hooking it up to 5V and then to an input pin on the ESP8266!!! I think I may have bricked one because of that. It seems to work for a while, but after some time I couldn't program the thing anymore. NOTE: It's unclear if it supports 5V imo: https://hackaday.com/2016/07/28/ask-hackaday-is-the-esp8266-5v-tolerant/ also: https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=428521.0
Also found you should use a 10k resistor as a pull-up here: https://odd-one-out.serek.eu/projects/esp8266-nodemcu-dht22-custom-modules-firmware/

3.3V voltage regulators

TODO: https://www.sparkfun.com/products/526

PIR 5Pcs/Lot SR501 HC-SR501 Adjust IR Pyroelectric Infrared PIR module Motion Sensor Detector Module for Arduino

https://nl.aliexpress.com/item/5PCS-HC-SR501-Adjust-IR-Pyroelectric-Infrared-PIR-Motion-Sensor-Detector-Module/32644972192.html

ESP8266

upload issues

https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=480507.0 https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/blob/master/doc/faq/a01-espcomm_sync-failed.rst https://arduino.stackexchange.com/questions/41847/esp-wemos-d1-upload-fails

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September 22 2017

python

Launch debug shell in some arbitrary piece of code

import code
code.interact(local=locals())

Or using IPython:

import IPython
IPython.embed()

regex

name params with ?P<X>,'

In [18]: output = "x:3372 y:1280 screen:0 window:29360137"
In [19]: reg = re.compile(r'x:(?P<X>\d*) y:(?P<Y>\d*)')
In [20]: reg.match(output).group('X')
Out[20]: '3372'

match non-greedy by adding ? suffix

read json from file

source

import json
from pprint import pprint

with open('data.json') as f:
    data = json.load(f)

    pprint(data)

Edit for Python3:

with open('data.json', encoding='utf-8') as data_file:
    data = json.loads(data_file.read())

yapf formatter

There is a plugin for pycharm. Installed it, and also pip install yapf.

Then mv /usr/local/bin/yapf /usr/local/bin/yapf.x and created this bash script to tweak some values:

#!/bin/bash
/usr/local/bin/yapf.x --style='{based_on_style: google, column_limit: 100}' "$@"

file writing

file = open("testfile.txt","w") 
file.write("Hello World") 
file.close()

temp file name writing

import tempfile
tf = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
temp_file_name = tf.name
tf.close()

or better:

import tempfile
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(dir='/tmp', delete=False) as config:
    # temp_file_name = config.name
    config.write('sdfkjskldf')

subprocess

with exec_helpers:

with exec_helpers.Subprocess() as executor:
    apiserver = executor.check_call('module load kubernetes && kubectl config view -o ' \
                                    'jsonpath="{.clusters[0].cluster.server}"')
    if apiserver:
        return apiserver.stdout_str
raise AbortException("Could not retrieve the Kubernetes API server address")

# ret.exit_code == 0

without:

subprocess.check_output(["echo", "Hello World!"])
subprocess.check_output("exit 1", shell=True)
subprocess.check_output("ls non_existent_file; exit 0", stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=True)

abstract method

For in base class:

import abc

@abc.abstractmethod
def init(self):
    return

chmod +x

import os
import stat

st = os.stat('somefile')
os.chmod('somefile', st.st_mode | stat.S_IEXEC)

dedent

import textwrap
textwrap.dedent('''\
    #!/bin/bash
    set -ex
    sleep 10
    echo Failure is the mother of success.
''')

formatting

str() -> !s repr -> !r

f"kubectl still returned data for namespace: {json!s}, expected NotFoundException"
f"kubectl still returned data for namespace: {json!r}, expected NotFoundException"

yaml

pip install pyyaml

1 import yaml 2 3 with open("/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig") as f: 4 p = yaml.load(f) 5 print(p['clusters'][0]['name'])

datetime

from datetime import datetime

datetime.strftime(datetime.now(), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

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August 14 2017

Windows commands

Place to keep commands I tend to google more than once for some reason.

Hibernation

Start cmd.exe as Administrator

powercfg.exe /hibernate off|on

Some file in C:\ hiberfil.sys (IIRC) will consume quite a bit of disk space which may be a reason for not using the hibernate feature.

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December 19 2016

Intel Edison notes

Assuming it's already flashed etc., (I forgot the steps because it's too long ago!)

What I do is connect the Edison via both micro USB's, one will be used as power, the other can be used for connecting to it.

In case the edison is booted you can open the terminal with screen:

sudo screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 115200

Configure the WiFi via configure_edison --wifi

One caveat if you are also on the same network (i.e., your laptop is also on the same network) you may get a conflict via the USB wire. You can see with ifconfig two IP addresses one for the wlan0 and one for usb0, which is probably causing a conflict somehow. Solution is:

ifconfig usb0 down

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August 26 2016

Linux {commandline} fu / bash scripting

Some stuff I keep here as a cheetsheat for myself

mass replace recursively

NOTE: do not run in case you have .git directory, it can corrupt it.

Source: https://stackoverflow.com/a/1583282/1958831

mv .git /tmp/git_tmp
find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i 's/subdomainA\.example\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g'
mv /tmp/git_tmp .git

return value

$? return last exit code

buffer control with `stdbuf`

time make -j24 "$@"  2>&1 | stdbuf -i0 -o0 -e0 tee ./mm.log

sets buffer to zero, everything is piped immediately, bad for throughput, good for latency

< <(command)

gdb on program that works on stream, with mkfifo to make this a combined example (you can issue the bash command instead of the tail -f in this case)

mkfifo /tmp/foo
bash tail_all.sh > /tmp/foo
gdb <application>
run <program args> < <(tail -f /tmp/foo)

This syntax is also useful for stuff like:

while read -d ':' line; do
    echo "$line"
done < <(hbase classpath)

A pipe | creates a new subshell, this is also a nice way to avoid this (subshells cannot modify variables of their parent)!

EDIT: This is called process substitution, see http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/process-sub.html

echoing multiple lines to a file

cat <<EOT >> greetings.txt
line 1
line 2
EOT

matching

if [[ $foo =~ foo ]]; then
    ;
done

Note that you DO NOT use asterisks like *foo*!

processing `stdin`

A pattern I use quite a bit is the following.

function func
{
    while read line; do
        echo $line
    done < /dev/stdin
}
cat foo.txt | func

subshells / pids

Sometimes subshells are useful.

echo mypid = $!

( sleep 10; ) &
typeset pid=$!
sleep 1
kill $pid # kill if still running..

Note that you can use exit in a subshell without destroying the parent.

trap CTRL+C

function myfunc
{
    echo Do some cleanup here..
    exit 0
}
trap "myfunc" 2
print "Press CTRL+C to abort 10 seconds of waiting.."
sleep 10

namerefs

First learned about this in kornshell, but seems to work for bash as well.

function func {
    local -n test_ref=$1
    test_ref="Hello world"
}

func test # note omitted $-sign

echo $test

If you want kornshell compatibility use typeset -n instead of local -n.

The same example, but with an array, you have to first explicitly declare the array before passing it to func.

declare -A array
function func {
    local -n array_ref=$1
    array_ref=([one]=aaa [two]=bbb [three]=ccc)
}
func array

(If you want kornshell compatibility again, use typeset -A instead of declare -A (and typeset -n for local -n)).

`array`s

Continuing the previous paragraph, some useful examples regarding arrays.

echo ${array[@]}  # aaa bbb ccc
echo ${!array[@]} # one two three
echo ${#array[*]} # 3

for key in ${!array[@]}; do
    local value=${array[$key]}
    echo $key = $value # one = aaa, ... 
done

Instead of initializing with the array=([foo]=bar [baz]=ban) syntax, assignment syntax is array[foo]=bar.

bash substrings

typeset hostname=$(hostname -s)
hostname=${hostname:0:10}  # first 10 chars..

NFS caching

Trick to use cachefilesd on NFS mounts. Useful if you work remote on a mounted NFS share. btrfs is not supported, so I create an ext4 mount instead like this:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/fscache.txt bs=1M count=4000
# be careful with choosing /dev/loopN
losetup /dev/loop10 /tmp/fscache.txt
mkfs.ext4 /dev/loop10
mount /dev/loop10 /var/cache/fscache

Very useful other commands can be found here: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/centos-redhat-install-configure-cachefilesd-for-nfs/ (i.e.: cat /proc/fs/nfsfs/*)

Benchmark I/O

start iperf -s server, then iperf -c 127.0.0.1.

Show Network I/O per process

atop can do this, which comes provided by your package manager probably, but chances are you need to compile it yourself for a newer version. The new version makes it possible to compile a kernel module, which (after reboot) will make network counters available in atop. Quite awesome!

simulate slow network

export interface=enx9cebe8349fdc
sudo tc qdisc add dev $interface root netem delay 10000ms
sudo tc qdisc del dev $interface root netem

source

Prints files count per directory for current directory level:

du -a | cut -d/ -f2 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr

UDP traffic through SSH tunnel

http://superuser.com/questions/53103/udp-traffic-through-ssh-tunnel https://securesocketfunneling.github.io/ssf/#download

Using `iptables` to redirect ip address

iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -d 10.141.0.1 -j DNAT --to-destination 8.8.8.8

http://superuser.com/questions/681705/using-iptables-to-redirect-ip-address

sslh

http://www.rutschle.net/tech/sslh.shtml i.e., http://www.rutschle.net/sslh#using-proxytunnel-with-sslh

WHAT IS IT? sslh accepts connections on specified ports, and forwards them further based on tests performed on the first data packet sent by the remote client.

sed

trigen@zenbook:~> echo "Hello world (y)" | sed 's/(y)/:-)/'
Hello world :-)
trigen@zenbook:~> echo "Hello world (y)" | sed 's/.*\((y)\)/smiley: \1/'
smiley: (y)

trigen@zenbook:~> sed -i.bak 's/H/J/g' test.txt
trigen@zenbook:~> cat test.txt
Jello world
trigen@zenbook:~> cat test.txt.bak
Hello world

Another nice example

sed -i '/upload_max_filesize/s/=.*/= 100M/' /etc/php/7.2/apache2/php.ini

(-n don't echo all (double check if this is true), /p to print, \1 to print between ()'s (escaped))

fdisk -l |& sed -n 's/^Disk \/\([^:]*\).*$/\/\1/p'
fdisk -l |& sed -n 's/^Disk \/\([^:]*\).*$/\/\1/p' | xargs -n 1 -I{} /bin/sh -c "echo {}; smartctl -H {}"

Nice resource for sed stuff: https://www.grymoire.com/Unix/Sed.html#uh-9

check if port is open

nc -z -v -w1 cppse.nl 80

openssl check certificates

openssl x509 -in <INPUT> -text

openssl s_client -showcerts -connect cppse.nl:443 </dev/null
# in case of SNI (combined domains in certificate)
openssl s_client -showcerts -servername cppse.nl -connect www.cppse.nl:443 </dev/null

# grep for alt subjects
openssl s_client -connect 10.141.0.1:10443 -servername 10.141.0.1 < /dev/null 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 -noout -text | grep -A1 'Subject Alternative Name'

# or..
openssl s_client -showcerts -connect 10.3.195.44:10443 </dev/null | openssl x509 -noout -ext subjectAltName

set boot target graphical or not

source: https://www.systutorials.com/239880/change-systemd-boot-target-linux/

systemctl enable multi-user
systemctl set-default multi-user
systemctl enable graphical
systemctl set-default graphical

systemctl

systemctl list-units --type target --state active

commandline json prettify

echo '{"foo": "lorem", "bar": "ipsum"}' | python -m json.tool

sed extract piece of text

openstack server list | grep ...  | sed -n 's/.*\(10\.2[^;]*\);.*/\1/p'

kpartx dd img

kpartx -rav some.dd

readonly add partition devmappings verbose

mount /dev/mapper/loop0p5 /mnt/loop0p5/

umount /mnt/loop0p5

kpartx -d some.dd or kpartx -d /dev/loop0

see losetup -a for available loops

note losetup -D doesn't work for some reason when the partitions were created with kpartx

screen

source: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26743/force-gnu-screen-to-reflow-to-current-terminal-width-on-reattach?utm_medium=organic&utm_source=google_rich_qa&utm_campaign=google_rich_qa

"after you reattach a ctrl-a F runs the "fit" command to resize the current window. if you reattach using the -A option it should resize all windows when you reattach. "

git

Assuming the hash of the commit you want is c5f567 (source):

git checkout c5f567 -- file1/to/restore file2/to/restore

The git checkout man page gives more information. If you want to revert to the commit before c5f567, append ~1 (works with any number):

git checkout c5f567~1 -- file1/to/restore file2/to/restore

git find when file was deleted

Taken from source:

git log --full-history -- [file path]

git log --full-history -1 -- [file path]

turn .a (thin) archive into "normal" one. (Source)

After some additional research, ar -t can be used to enumerate the object files in an archive, so after that it's just a matter of providing that list to ar as you usually would when creating an archive.

The following script handled this for all of the libraries at once:

for lib in `find -name '*.a'`;
    do ar -t $lib | xargs ar rvs $lib.new && mv -v $lib.new $lib;
done

clipboard fu

There is a difference in clipboards I've noticed, which confuses me bigtime.

Apparently one is the "X clipboard":

echo Hello world | xclip

Whenever pasting doesn't work try the middle mouse button.. Or use xsel instead:

echo Hello world | xsel --clipboard
echo Hello world | xsel -b # same

Some params for xsel:

Selection options
    -p, --primary         Operate on the PRIMARY selection (default)
    -s, --secondary       Operate on the SECONDARY selection
    -b, --clipboard       Operate on the CLIPBOARD selection

resize images in directory to smaller size (recursively)

find . -name '*.jpg' -execdir mogrify -resize 1024x {} \;

installing trusted certificates in system

chromium has some way to also import authorities you might also try it
get certs with openssl s_client -showcerts -connect 10.2.61.184:8081
I put the certs for example 3 different .crt files in /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/
do not use .pem or they won't be recognized.
you have to be root to put them there.
sudo update-ca-certificates should pick them up

git change author for bunch of commits

git rebase -i HEAD~2
mark commits as edit, then use this over and over:

git commit --amend --author="Ray Burgemeestre <ray.burgemeestre@brightcomputing.com>"
git rebase --continue

socat

socat TCP-LISTEN:8081,fork TCP:127.0.0.1:12345

git stuff

TODO: https://stackoverflow.com/a/10216050/1958831

find files less then a day old

find ./ -name '*.meta' -type f -mtime -1;

# then delete
find ./ -name '*.meta' -type f -mtime -1 -exec rm -f {} \;

find files for specific day

find ./var -printf "%p %TY-%Tm-%Td %TH:%TM:%TS %Tz\n" | grep 2022-01-01

source: https://sites.google.com/a/kossboss.com/main/linux---find-files-older-or-younger-then-certain-days---delete-them-too-if-you-want

get rid of rpm without dependencies example

source: https://ma.ttias.be/removing-a-package-without-its-dependencies-in-centos-or-rhel/

# rpm -qa | grep "php-sqlite2"
php-sqlite2-5.1.6-200705230937
# rpm -e --nodeps "php-sqlite2-5.1.6-200705230937"

determine octal representation of permissions

Sometimes it's annoying, to reverse engineering rwx -> 7, r-x -> 5 and r-x -> 5. For example, I misread the group part for -xr the first time.

shell# ls -althrst /var/lib|grep etcd
0 drwxr-xr-x  2 etcd          etcd             6 Nov  5 14:19 etcd

Thanks to google and stackoverflow (https://askubuntu.com/questions/152001/how-can-i-get-octal-file-permissions-from-command-line):

shell# stat -c "%a %n"  /var/lib/etcd/
755 /var/lib/etcd/

Much easier!

print dates for bunch of dirs

cat /tmp/dirs | xargs -n 1 stat -c '%y %n'

%x     Time of last access
%y     Time of last modification
%z     Time of last change

tmux

sometimes you have some disconnected session that still forces some pane to be non-full size. you can force a full resize again using: ctrl+b, :detach-client -a.

docker

Running an X application in docker I usually google for the right parameters, but sometimes they forget the X authority file. Now I use this:

#!/bin/bash
xhost +
docker run --name=foobar --privileged -it -v $PWD/../:/articlemanager --workdir /articlemanager \
       -e DISPLAY \
       -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
       -v $HOME/.Xauthority:/root/.Xauthority \
       --net=host \
    foobar:latest xeyes

If you want to do it in a more correct/secure way, I found this blog post: http://wiki.ros.org/docker/Tutorials/GUI

Also found some useful info here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/44434831/1958831 (In my above example the net=host was needed too, but it's annoying port 80 is already in use for example.)

bash if statements and defaults

There are some interesting snippets here that I need to extract:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3601515/how-to-check-if-a-variable-is-set-in-bash

add user to group

usermod -a -G docker ray

if you are added to a group, you can do newgrp docker or login again.

Assigning extra IP address to interface

sudo ip addr add 192.168.2.150/24 dev enp0s3
ip addr

avahi / mDNS<

Available on most Linux distro's, Raspberry PI's and Arduino devices.

It's a convenient way to allow devices to find each other on a network Now I let the raspberry pi's here publish some service named "_ray" so I can easily find them:

trigen@zenbook:~&gt; avahi-browse -d local _ray._tcp --resolve -t
+ wlp3s0 IPv6 dashboardpi                                   _ray._tcp            local
+ wlp3s0 IPv4 domoticapi                                    _ray._tcp            local
+ wlp3s0 IPv4 dashboardpi                                   _ray._tcp            local
= wlp3s0 IPv6 dashboardpi                                   _ray._tcp            local
   hostname = [dashboardpi.local]
   address = [fe80::90c3:716c:7d24:ccc9]
   port = [80]
   txt = []
= wlp3s0 IPv4 domoticapi                                    _ray._tcp            local
   hostname = [domoticapi.local]
   address = [192.168.115.1]
   port = [8083]
   txt = []
= wlp3s0 IPv4 dashboardpi                                   _ray._tcp            local
   hostname = [dashboardpi.local]
   address = [192.168.2.126]
   port = [80]
   txt = []

Then:

pi@domoticapi:~ $ cat /etc/avahi/services/ray.service 
<?xml version="1.0" standalone='no'?><!--*-nxml-*-->
<!DOCTYPE service-group SYSTEM "avahi-service.dtd">
<service-group>
  <name replace-wildcards="yes">%h</name>
  <service>
    <type>_ray._tcp</type>
    <port>8083</port>
  </service>
</service-group>

and restart the avahi-daemon

NAS disk failure

Source: https://serverfault.com/questions/556667/how-do-i-figure-out-which-drive-is-failing

for x in /sys/block/sd*
do
    dev=$(basename $x)
    host=$(ls -l $x | egrep -o "host[0-9]+")
    target=$(ls -l $x | egrep -o "target[0-9:]*")
    a=$(cat /sys/class/scsi_host/$host/unique_id)
    a2=$(echo $target | egrep -o "[0-9]:[0-9]$" | sed 's/://')
    serial=$(hdparm -I /dev/$dev | grep "Serial Number" | sed 's/^[ \t]*//')
    echo -e "$dev \t ata$a.$a2 \t $serial"
done

in my case ata5 was throwing errors in dmesg -w,

output:

sda      ata1.00     Serial Number:      S12RNEAD500626J
sdb      ata2.00     Serial Number:      W4Z1GZLP
sdc      ata3.00     Serial Number:      R6GGJN0Y
sdd      ata4.00     Serial Number:      WD-WMC4M0F6RXR8
^Csde    ata5.00
sdf      ata6.00     Serial Number:      ZA19BLKY
sdg      ata7.00     Serial Number:      ZA19Z3D9
sdh      ata8.00     Serial Number:      45D0LWNAS

caveat: this command blocks if the hdd is broken, so in that case you want to make an async version of this command. but in my case I was lucky enough that control+c already told me sde was the bad apple.

vim insert non breaking space

&nbsp;

In Vim, you can insert it with Ctrl-v x a 0

git stuff

git diff HASH^! diff against it's parent, sometimes reversed for me I then simply use

git diff HASH~1 HASH

git reset --soft HEAD~1 # also creates the reference ORIG_HEAD git commit --reuse-message=ORIG_HEAD # can be used to re-use the message

ldd tree

package pax-utils

lddtree $BINARY

test mic input real time in linux

Source:

https://askubuntu.com/questions/123798/how-to-hear-my-voice-in-speakers-with-a-mic

I'm using pavucontrol

pactl load-module module-loopback latency_msec=1

To unload loopback

pactl unload-module module-loopback

netgear r7000

nvram set wl_regdomain="EUROPE" nvram set wl_country_code="EU" nvram commit

to enable channel 13 and 14

image to pdf

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/42856/how-can-i-convert-a-png-to-a-pdf-in-high-quality-so-its-not-blurry-or-fuzzy

img2pdf -o sample.pdf sample.jp2

print queue view

lpstat -R

#

foo.py writing to fd 3, ./foo.py 3>&1

or beforehand:

exec 3>&2

lsof open deleted files

lsof +L1

diff rsync

Using rsync to merge two dirs with changes in both dirs. Check if rsync won't overwrite anything:

# dry run of rsync, note no --delete
rsync --dry-run -raPv owncloud_deskmini/ owncloud/ |& tee out.log
# dry run of rsync with "u" flag that ignores updates
rsync --dry-run -rauPv owncloud_deskmini/ owncloud/ |& tee out2.log
diff out.log out2.log

If files show up in the diff those might be overwritten

gdb

coredumpctl -1 debug
/var/lib/systemd/coredump

bash

foo="12345"

# keep foo only if it contains a valid integer, otherwise truncate
[[ $foo =~ ^-?[0-9]+$ ]] || foo=""

heredoc

cat << EOF > file.yaml
Contents
EOF

The above has a flaw, it will replace for example $1 stuff, but if you put the EOF in single quotes, it will preserve it:

cat << 'EOF' > script.sh
Contents $1
EOF

This is also possible:

if [[ -z $1 ]]; then
    cat <<- EOF > file.yaml
    Contents
    EOF   # as long as EOF is indented with TAB character(s)
fi

https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#Here-Documents

dates

trigen@xps:~/projects/jirahours[master]> date +"%Y-%m-%d %T +0200 CEST"
2021-06-01 14:04:56 +0200 CEST
root@rb-b91-s15sp2-03-21-a:~# date +"%Y%m%d%H%M%S"
20220321135439

sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata to fix the timezone.

source: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuTime

gdb

gdb -p $(pidof myprogram) < <(printf "yes\nset pagination off\nset logging on\nbt\nthread apply all bt\ninfo threads\nquit\n")

prevent X from turning off screen/sleeping

xset dpms 0 0 0 && xset s noblank  && xset s off

mysql

mysqldump --skip-extended-insert --default-character-set=utf8mb4 -u root -pPASSWORD wordpress -r ./wordpress.sql
mysql --default-character-set=utf8mb4 --protocol=TCP --host 127.0.0.1 -uroot -pPASSWORD --database=wordpress  < wordpress.sql

awk

comma-separate multiple lines

$ awk -v ORS=, '{print $2}' data.txt | sed 's/,$//'
+12.0,+15.5,+9.0,+13.5

Cheatsheets Comments (0)

July 16 2016

C++ cheat sheet

C++ streams

i.e.;

 std::ifstream fi;
 fi.open("all.csv");
 std::string line;
 while (getline(fi, line, '\n')) {
     std::cout << "line = " << line << std::endl;
 }

writing:

#include <fstream>
std::ofstream log_file(
    "log_file.txt", std::ios_base::out | std::ios_base::app );
log_file << text << std::endl;

vector

Initialize N elements at once with: vector<int> vec_out(vec_in.size(), 0);.

Put last elem in front data[0] = data[data.size() - 1]; and erase last data.erase(data.begin() + (data.size() - 1), data.end());

algorithms

Sum accumulate(count.begin(), count.end(), 0).

Rotate 1 2 3 -> 2 3 1 with rotate(A.begin(), A.begin() + K, A.end());, the other way around with rbegin() and rend() respectively.

Find std::find(std::begin(c), std::end(c), 1001) != std::end(c);

Erase + remove idiom: c.erase(std::remove(std::begin(c), std::end(c), 1001), std::end(c));

std::transform

std::vector<Foo> foos;
for (int i = 0; i<10; i++) {
    foos.push_back(Foo(i));
}

std::vector<int> xs;
xs.resize(foos.size());
std::transform(foos.begin(), foos.end(), xs.begin(), [](Foo f){return f.x;});

from: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39844106/extract-elements-from-a-vector-of-object

with ranges:

#include <iostream>
#include <range/v3/view.hpp>

struct Object {
    int x;
    float y;
};

int main() {
    std::vector<Object> objs = {{1, 4.2f}, {42, 5.1f}, {69, 6.9f}};
    std::vector<int> xs = objs | ranges::view::transform(&Object::x);
    for (auto x : xs) {
        std::cout << " " << x;
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    for (auto y : objs | ranges::view::transform(&Object::y)) { // No new vector created.
        std::cout << " " << y;
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;
}

join string boost so

#include <boost/algorithm/string/join.hpp>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>

int main(int, char **)
{
    std::vector<std::string> list;
    list.push_back("Hello");
    list.push_back("World!");

    std::string joined = boost::algorithm::join(list, ", ");
    std::cout << joined << std::endl;
}

join string non-boost

std::string s = std::accumulate(std::next(v.begin()), v.end(),
                                std::to_string(v[0]), // start with first element
                                [](std::string a, int b) {
                                    return a + '-' + std::to_string(b);
                                });

Templates

Forwarding

template <typename... Params>
void remove(Params &&... node) {
  static_assert(std::is_constructible<Type, Params...>::value, "parameters are invalid for constructing a Type");
  auto n = std::make_unique<value_type >(std::forward<Params>(node)...);
  remove(static_cast<const value_type &>(*n.get()));
}

stringstream

#include <sstream>
stringstream ss;
ss << "hello world" << 123 << endl;
ss.str(); // ...
ss.clear();
ss.str("");  // re-use.

binary search

std::sort (v.begin(), v.end());                       // 10 10 10 20 20 20 30 30
auto low = std::lower_bound (v.begin(), v.end(), 20); //          ^        ^
auto up  = std::upper_bound (v.begin(), v.end(), 20); //                   ^

priority_queue

// "if the number is less.. goes down the pile"
priority_queue<int, vector<int>, std::less<int>> pq; 
for (int i : {1, 6, 3}) 
    pq.emplace(i);
pq.top(); // 6
pq.pop();
pq.top(); // 3

Exposes it's container as protected member variable. In order to access, you have to extend priority_queue. Underlying data structure is a heap.

bitsets

bitset<8> bs; 
bs.set(0);
bs.set(2); // 00000101

set

Underlying container type is a binary tree. So most stuff is log n. Note that a binary tree is also sorted, so the first element *the_set.cbegin() is the min() element!

memory

unique_ptr<foo> p{nullptr};
p = make_unique<foo>();

Perfect forwarding variable template args

namespace std {
  template<typename T, typename ...Args>
  std::unique_ptr<T> make_unique(Args &&...args) {
    return std::unique_ptr<T>(new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
  }
}

limits

std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();

ostream_iterator

#include <iterator>
copy(tokens.begin(), tokens.end(), ostream_iterator<string>(cout, "\n"));

readable input parameters

void split(string in, vector<string> *tokens_ptr, string delim = " ") {
    vector<string> &tokens = *tokens_ptr;
    ...

split(input, &tokens, " ");

string

// find
string s("aa b c");
s.find(" "); // finds 2
s.find(" ", 3); // finds 4 (starting search from the "b")
// substr()
s.substr(0, 2); // start + length!
s.substr(pos, pos - previous); // typical

tokenizer with `getline()`

really nice implementation using getline() from this stackoverflow answer.

#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

void split(const string &s, char delim, vector<string> &elems) {
    stringstream ss(s);
    string item;
    while (getline(ss, item, delim)) {
        elems.push_back(item);
    }
}


vector<string> split(const string &s, char delim) {
    vector<string> elems;
    split(s, delim, elems);
    return elems;
}

iterate to stdout with `ostream_iterator<T>` and `copy()`

#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>

// output even a newline after each element
copy(c.begin(), c.end(), ostream_iterator<string>(cout, "\n"));

convert binary file into c code

xxd -i favicon.ico > favicon.ico.h

sorting concatinating

template <typename T>
std::string join_keys(std::vector<T> &idsVec) {
    std::stringstream ids;

    // remove dupes
    std::sort(idsVec.begin(), idsVec.end());
    idsVec.erase(std::unique(idsVec.begin(), idsVec.end() ), idsVec.end());

    // join ids with ","
    std::copy(idsVec.begin(), idsVec.end(), std::ostream_iterator<T>(ids, ","));
    std::string ids_str = ids.str();

    // remove the trailing ", "
    ids_str.erase(ids_str.empty() ? 0 : ids_str.length() - 1);
    return ids_str;
};

optional

c++17 will support it, in g++ version 7.0 it can be enabled with --std=c++1z

#include <optional>

...
std::optional<std::string> empty;
std::optional<std::string> filled{"hello"};

if (filled) {
    std::cout << "filled = " << *filled << std::endl;
}   
std::cout << "empty = " << empty.value_or("nothing") << std::endl;

c++14 flag --std=c++1y in g++ 4.9 supports std::experimental::optional

#include <experimental/optional>

...
std::experimental::optional<int> empty;

Note there is also make_optional.

file reading

using namespace std;
ifstream ifile("webroot/"s + folder + "/" + file, ios::binary);
string s( (istreambuf_iterator<char>(ifile)),
          (istreambuf_iterator<char>()) );
cout << "read = " << s.size() << " & " << s.length() << endl;

multiline string literal

const char * long_test = R"( ... )";
const char * long_test = R"XXX( ... )XXX";

std::experimental::optional and std::reference_wrapper

Passing optional reference:

#include <iostream>
#include <experimental/optional>
#include <functional>

namespace std {
  using std::experimental::optional;
}

void foo(std::optional<std::reference_wrapper<bool>> flag = {}) {
    if (flag) {
        flag->get() = true;
    }
}

int main() {
    bool flag = false;
    foo({flag});
    std::cout << "flag is now: " << std::boolalpha << flag << std::endl;
}

chrono stuff

/* sleeping */
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1000));

/* timing */
auto last_received = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
...
auto current_time = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli> idle = current_time - last_received;
if (idle.count() > 500.) {

    /* literals */
    using namespace std::literals;

    std::this_thread::sleep_for(0.5s);

}

back_inserter

#include <algorithm> // copy
#include <iterator> // back_inserter
std::copy(from_vector.begin(), from_vector.end(), std::back_inserter(to_vector));

boost reverse iter

void OpenStackStrategy::apply(CustomizationFileEntryPairList &customizations)
{
  size_t index = customizations.size();
  for (const auto &customization : boost::adaptors::reverse(customizations)) {
    const auto &file = customization.first;
    const auto &entry  = customization.second;
    index--;

cout fu

std::cout.precision(17);
std::cout << std::fixed << some_double_variable << std::endl;
std::cout << std::boolalpha << some_boolean_variable << std::endl;

vector or set difference

std::sort(ignore_domains.begin(), ignore_domains.end());
std::sort(search_domains.begin(), search_domains.end());

std::vector<std::string> result;
std::set_difference(
        search_domains.begin(), search_domains.end(),
        ignore_domains.begin(), ignore_domains.end(),
        std::back_inserter( result )
);

source

epoch time

auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
auto epoch = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t( now );

Cheatsheets Comments (0)

Tech talks

Multi-threading Talk

Creating a composable class with C++14 variadic templates

CAF C++ Actor Framework - Intro & Demo

Workshop DDD summary

Some rant about the IDAR method !nl

Linux commands !nl

Drones!

TinyTina 90mm 3D printed drone

Eachine Wizard x220 (M.I.A.)

Propeller upgrades

Other batteries

Replacements

Awesome E90 build

Notes

General information

GoLang Cheatsheet

Testing and coverage

Profiling

Kubernetes

list GPU allocatable resources

list all api resources

ping all pod ips at once

Force delete stuck namespace

Run pod in namespace

Selecting pods

Deleting pods

Clean up

Tail all logs

List all mounted host paths

kubeadm

security

#

Leader election

List containers inside docker registry

Save and Load containers

Untitled

Some random snippets

electro

Parts

python

Launch debug shell in some arbitrary piece of code

regex

read json from file

yapf formatter

file writing

temp file name writing

subprocess

abstract method

chmod +x

dedent

formatting

yaml

datetime

Windows commands

Hibernation

Intel Edison notes

Linux {commandline} fu / bash scripting

mass replace recursively

return value

buffer control with stdbuf

< <(command)

echoing multiple lines to a file

matching

processing stdin

subshells / pids

trap CTRL+C

namerefs

arrays

bash substrings

NFS caching

Benchmark I/O

Show Network I/O per process

simulate slow network

UDP traffic through SSH tunnel

Using iptables to redirect ip address

sslh

sed

check if port is open

openssl check certificates

buffer control with `stdbuf`

processing `stdin`

`array`s

Using `iptables` to redirect ip address

tokenizer with `getline()`

iterate to stdout with `ostream_iterator<T>` and `copy()`